Fencing is a difficult option. This method can disrupt the natural environment and cause ecosystem imbalances.

Sharpshooting is an efficient method for deer removal. Large numbers of deer can be removed in a brief and organized manner. However, the noise can be disturbing.

Hunting alone is unlikely to keep Catalina Island's deer population at sustainable levels. It can be effective when combined with other methods.

Deer have no natural predators on Catalina Island. This method would require introducing predators to the island, which could impact the ecosystem and pose a risk to humans.

Capturing and relocating deer can cause undue stress to the animals and even result in death. This method can also lead to disease transmission between locations.

Sterilizing or using chemical contraceptives can reduce the deer population. However, this method is not 100% effective, especially in remote areas.